Anna Sophia Vollmerhausen
Seven metres long, more than two metres wide and weighing nearly 4,100 kilograms, it had bulletproof windows and armored plating. Once part of a fleet of vehicles used by Adolf Hitler and other high-ranking Nazis during the Second World War, the black Mercedes-Benz 770 became a post-war symbol of the terrifying pageantry of the Nazi regime—and later, remarkably, a prized artifact at the Canadian War Museum.
Now, a new book about Hitler’s car has unraveled the history of the 80-year-old limousine, as well as a second, nearly identical Mercedes that also found its way to North America after the defeat the Third Reich.
That second vehicle was toured around the United States, where visitors flocked to see the car said to have been personally used by Hitler. The other quietly made its way to Canada, where it spent many years in storage before being acquired by the Canadian War Museum in 1970,.
After a controversy in 2000, during which the museum contemplated disposing of the limousine because of its association with one of the darkest chapters in the 20th century, the car that actually carried the Fuehrer to meetings and rallies across Germany was put on display in the museum.
American writer Robert Klara’s book, The Devil’s Mercedes: The Bizarre and Disturbing Adventures of Hitler’s Limousine in America, explores how both cars crossed the Atlantic Ocean, and the impact they had on the people who saw them.
“The whole theme here is that when people looked at these cars, they really weren’t just looking at cars,” Klara said in an interview with ARTSFILE. “They were looking at incredibly powerful symbols, both of the war and frankly of the man who started the war. And, as such, the cars became proxies for Hitler.”
Initially, Klara said he was interested in writing about a “cursed” object with a dark past. During his search, he started to wonder what had happened to the car Hitler had been driving in. It turns out there were many such vehicles.
“I was interested in the cars that had come to North America,” he said. “That’s a very unique proposition because World War II was a war that was not solely, but largely conducted on continents other than our own. So we didn’t have much immediate evidence of the conflict on our shores.”
According to Jeff Noakes, a historian at the war museum, the car on display in Ottawa was initially believed to have belonged to Hermann Göring, the head of the Luftwaffe, Germany’s air force.
Its link to Hitler was only exposed by Ludwig Koshe, a former librarian at the museum who spent years digging into the car’s history.
Koshe found that the car was ordered and delivered for Hitler’s use in the summer of 1940, and was used for in parades and processions until about 1943.
Near the end of the war in Europe in 1945, a U.S. Army sergeant found the car sitting on a flatbed rail car in Austria. After a short firefight with German soldiers, he secured the car and drove off with it.
The car was shipped to the U.S., where it was eventually put into storage. In the mid-1950s, a car collector from Toronto bought the car, and drove it around for a few years before selling it to a Montreal-based collector, who eventually offered it to the Canadian War Museum.
In 2000, Jack Granatstein, then-director of the museum, proposed putting the car up for auction to raise money to help build what became the museum’s new Centretown location.
According to reports at the time, Granatstein’s reasoning was that “displaying the car gave the wrong image and glamourized Nazism.” The idea was eventually abandoned after emails and calls from the public, who wanted the car to be kept by the museum.
“I don’t think that censorship of that stripe ultimately benefits anybody,” said Klara. “The question is, when you have a very challenging artifact, how do you display it in a way that will be instructive and yet sensitive, that will constitute a public benefit? That will achieve a measure of public education and not glorify the things that are rightfully condemned about a regime like Hitler’s?”
Despite its armoured glass and reinforced plating, the car is also a convertible. Although this may run counter to security concerns, it was a design choice to maximize the limousine’s use as an instrument of propaganda.
“It’s designed so that the occupant in the front seat, who, on numerous occasions was Adolf Hitler, could stand up and be seen by the people around him,” Noakes explained. “In fact, there are modifications that enable Hitler, who would have been riding in the front seat, to be better seen by the public.”
These include a seat cushion on the front passenger side which could be flipped over to become a platform, as well as a handle on the back of the windshield to hold on to.
Given its history, the car is a difficult artifact to display, Noakes said.
“The problem is, it’s originally created to send a very specific message of being big, black, powerful, modern, impressive,” he said. “And if you display it in the wrong way, it continues to send that message, it continues to send the message of ‘whoa, cool’ rather than, ‘This is a propaganda instrument.’”
Anna Sophia Vollmerhausen is a Carleton University journalism student.
